Supranational+Organizations

=International / Supranational Organizations =

**Freedom House ** Date of Creation: 1941 Mission / Purpose / Role: The Freedom House is an independent watchdog organization that tracks the expansion of freedom around the globe. Through analysis, advocacy, and action, the Freedom House initiates democracy and human rights in societies where freedom is denied or severely limited.

Date of Creation: 1993 Mission / Purpose / Role: The Transparency International serves to fight global corruption, such as making bribe payments abroad. However, the TI does not actively investigate corruption cases; instead, this non-governmental organization recognizes and rewards individuals working to expose global corruption cases.
 * Transparency International – Corruption Perceptions Index **

**World Bank ** Date of Creation: 1944 Members: 187 members in IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and 171 members in IDA (International Development Association) Mission / Purpose / Role: The World Bank lends financial and technical assistance to developing countries (even the poorest). The supranational association fights poverty by helping people help themselves. Other institutions under the World Bank such as the IFC and MIGA provide loans and free credit investments. **IMF ** Date of Creation: 1944 Members: 187 member countries  Mission / Purpose / Role: The IMF (International Monetary Fund) was formed to increase lending, advise policy solutions, introduce reforms, and respond more efficiently to the people. The association promotes monetary cooperation along with growth and economic stability for countries, even those developing. Development: The IMF was conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference in July of 1944. The association came into formal existence when the first 29 member countries signed the Articles of Agreement in December 1945. **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">OPEC ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Date of creation: September 10-14 1960 Membership: Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela (1960) Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975) and Angola (2007). Purpose: OPEC unifies and controls [|petroleum] policies among Member Countries to secure stable prices for petroleum producers, efficient economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations and fair return on capital to those who invested.



**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">WTO ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Date of Creation: Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94)/ established on 1 January 1995 Membership process: 1. The government applying for membership has to describe all aspects of its trade and economic policies. 2. Upon sufficient progress the working party partakes in parallel bilateral talks begin between the prospective new member and individual countries. 3. The working party finalizes the terms of accession in the form of a report, or a draft membership treaty. 4. The report is presented to the WTO General Council or the Ministerial Conference. If a two-thirds majority of WTO members vote in favor, the applicant is free to sign the protocol and to accede to the organization. Purpose: a forum for negotiating agreements aimed at reducing obstacles to [|international trade] thus contributing to economic growth and development it also helps to provide a legal and institutional framework for the implementation and monitoring of these agreements.
 * 1) of Member Countries: 153 Members



**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">OECD ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Date of Creation: 1947 Membership Numbers: 39 Countries Purpose: The OECD helps governments foster prosperity and fight poverty through economic growth and financial stability to ensure the environmental implications of economic and social development.



<span style="color: #552a55; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">** G8 ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">Date of Creation: 1975  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">Members: Originally, the association started with 6 members including France, the US, Britain, Germany, Japan, and Italy. Then Canada and Russia were added forming the G8. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">Mission / Purpose / Role: The G8 meets to manage macroeconomics, trade, and relations with developing countries. The countries meet annually to deal with economic and political issues. They focus on societies around the globe. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">G20: The G20 is an informal group of 19 countries and the EU. It also has representatives from the IMF and World Bank. The goal of the loose association is to broaden dialogue on international issues.